View source for DCR Italy AUDIO Android SDK

{{Breadcrumb|}} {{Breadcrumb|Digital}} {{Breadcrumb|International DCR}}  {{CurrentBreadcrumb}}
[[Category:Digital]]

== Overview ==
The Nielsen SDK is one of multiple framework SDKs that Nielsen provides to enable measuring linear (live) and on-demand TV viewing using TVs, mobile devices, etc.
The App SDK is the framework for mobile application developers to integrate Nielsen Measurement into their media player applications. It supports a variety of Nielsen Measurement Products like Digital in TV Ratings, Digital Content Ratings ([[DCR & DTVR]]), and [[Digital Ad Ratings]] (DAR). Nielsen SDKs are also equipped to measure static content and can track key life cycle events of an application like:
*Application launch events and how long app was running
*Time of viewing a page / sub section in the application.

== Prerequisites ==
Before you start the integration, you will need:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 15%;" | Item
! Description
! Source
|-
 || '''App ID (appid)''' || Unique ID assigned to the player/site and configured by product. || Provided by Nielsen
|-
 || '''Nielsen SDK''' || Includes SDK frameworks and '''sample implementation'''; ''See [[Android SDK Release Notes]]'' || [[Special:Downloads|Download]]
|-
 || '''sfcode''' || Unique identifier for the environment that the SDK should point to || Provided by Nielsen
|}

If need App ID(s) or our SDKs, feel free to reach out to us and we will be happy to help you get started.
Refer to [[Digital Measurement Onboarding]] guide for information on how to get a Nielsen App SDK and appid.

=== Notes for WebView Contents ===
<code>Please note that if within your APP user can surf '''static contents''' recalled from your website the [[DCR_Italy_Static_Browser_SDK|browser static SDK]] have to inhibit from this pages.</code>

==  Implementation ==
This guide covers implementation steps for Android Studio utilizing the Standard Nielsen SDK for DCR.

__TOC__

=== How to obtain the NielsenAppApi ===
The Nielsen AppSDK can either be downloaded directly or can be integrated directly within an application through the use of Gradle. We recommend using the Gradle-based integration whenever possible to ensure you maintain the most recent changes and enhancements to the Nielsen libraries.
* [[Digital_Measurement_Android_Artifactory_Guide|Select to obtain Gradle implementation guide]]
* [[Special:Downloads|Select to Download Directly]]

== Setting up your  Development Environment  ==
=== Configuring Android Development Environment ===
*The Nielsen App SDK (located in the [https://engineeringportal.nielsen.com/docs/Special:Downloads Downloads section] of the website) class is the primary application interface to the Nielsen App SDK on Android.
*The Nielsen App SDK class is defined as the only public class belonging to the com.nielsen.app.sdk package.
*The Nielsen App SDK can also be added via [https://engineeringportal.nielsen.com/docs/Digital_Measurement_Android_Artifactory_Guide Artifact Repository].

'''Nielsen App SDK is compatible with Android OS versions 2.3+. Clients can control / configure the protocol to be used – HTTPS or HTTP to suit their needs.'''

The requirement for the Java ''AppSdk.jar'' library and the ''libAppSdk.so'' native library will depend on the type of host application that will make use of them.
* '''For media player applications'''
** The Android OS hosting the App SDK should use a media player supporting HLS streaming (Android 3.0 and later will support it natively).
** If the player application uses a 3rd party media player implementing its own HLS, then the minimum Android version will be limited to version 2.3, since the SDK depends on Google Play support to work properly.

Once SDK is downloaded ensure to unzip the Nielsen SDK and copy the AppSdk.jar in your app (Android Studio) libs folder, then right click the AppSdk.jar and select '''Add As Library'''.
Ensure the AppSdk.jar file is added in 'build.grade (App Level) file.
* App SDK 1.2 provides support for x86, mips, and armeabi-7a architecture.

==== Google Play Services ====
Add the Google Play Services in the project,
Steps: Android Studio -> File -> Project Structure ->(In module selection) select App -> Dependencies (tab) -> Click "+" button and search for <code>"*play-services*"</code>.  Then select the most recent version of the play-services Artifact.
Ensure it is added in build.gradle (App level) file

==== Google AD ID Permissions ====
The following is required if target API level is set to 31 (Android 12) with the Ad Version of the Nielsen SDK.

<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
<uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.gms.permission.AD_ID"/>
</syntaxhighlight>
</br>

==== Manifest File ==== 
* Add the following permissions on the project’s ''AndroidManifest.xml'' file.
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/></syntaxhighlight>
For more details to handle runtime permissions in Android versions, please visit [https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html].   

* In <code>AndroidManifest.xml </code>under <code><application></code> add the following metadata

<syntaxhighlight lang="java"><meta-data 
android:name="com.google.android.gms.version" 
android:value="@integer/google_play_services_version"/></syntaxhighlight>

* App SDK checks to see if there is a Google service available and updated.
* If not available or updated, App SDK will not use this service when executing its functions and will make reference to missing imports and the app will not be compiled.

==== Library ====
Nielsen App SDK uses the following packages/classes from the Google Play service.
* google-play-services_lib

==== Classes/package ====
* com.google.android.gms.ads.identifier.AdvertisingIdClient;
* com.google.android.gms.ads.identifier.AdvertisingIdClient.Info;
* com.google.android.gms.common.ConnectionResult;
* com.google.android.gms.common.GooglePlayServicesUtil;
* com.google.android.gms.common.GooglePlayServicesRepairableException;
* com.google.android.gms.common.GooglePlayServicesNotAvailableException;

== SDK Initialization ==
The latest version of the Nielsen App SDK allows instantiating multiple instances of the SDK object, which can be used simultaneously without any issue. The sharedInstance API that creates a singleton object was deprecated prior to version 5.1.1. (Version 4.0 for Android)

The following table contains the list of arguments that can be passed via the AppInfo JSON schema.
*The appid is provided by the Nielsen Technical Account Manager (TAM). The appid is a GUID data type and is specific to the application.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Parameter / Argument !! Description !! Source !! Required? !! Example
|-
| appid || Unique Nielsen ID for the application. The ID is a GUID data type. If you did not receive your App ID, let us know and we will provide you. || Nielsen-specified || Yes || PXXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX
|-
| appname || Name of the application
|| Client-defined || Yes || "Nielsen Sample App"
|-
| appversion || Current version of the app used
|| Client-defined || Yes || "1.0.2"
|-
| sfcode || Nielsen collection facility to which the SDK should connect.

|| Nielsen-specified || Yes || 
|-
| nol_devDebug || Enables Nielsen console logging. Only required for testing
|| Nielsen-specified || Yes for Debugging / Testing App || "DEBUG"
|}

== Debug flag for development environment ==
Player application developers / integrators can use Debug flag to check whether an App SDK API call made is successful. To activate the Debug flag,
Pass the argument <code>@"nol_devDebug":@"DEBUG"</code>, in the JSON string . The permitted values are:

* '''INFO''': Displays the API calls and the input data from the application (validate player name, app ID, etc.). It can be used as certification Aid.
* '''WARN''': Indicates potential integration / configuration errors or SDK issues.
* '''ERROR''': Indicates important integration errors or non-recoverable SDK issues.
* '''DEBUG''': Debug logs, used by the developers to debug more complex issues.

Once the flag is active, it logs each API call made and the data passed. The log created by this flag is minimal.
<blockquote>'''Note''': Activate the Debug flag in a Test environment.</blockquote>

=== Sample SDK Initialization Code ===
[[AppSDK()|AppSDK()]] is no longer a singleton object and should be initialized as below.
====Initialization of App SDK object through a JSON object====
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">  
try
{
  // Prepare AppSdk configuration object (JSONObject)
  JSONObject appSdkConfig = new JSONObject()
          .put("appid", "PDA7D5EE6-B1B8-4123-9277-2A788XXXXXXX")
          .put("appversion", "1.0.2")
          .put("appname", "Nielsen Sample App")
          .put("nol_devDebug", "DEBUG"); // only for debug builds

// Pass appSdkConfig to the AppSdk constructor
mAppSdk = new AppSdk(appContext, appSdkConfig, appSdkListener);
}
catch (JSONException e)
{
  Log.e(TAG, "Couldn’t prepare JSONObject for appSdkConfig", e);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
<br>
Here, <code>appContext</code> is the App context object and <code>appSdkConfig</code> is JSON object for holding the parameters (<code>appid</code>) the App passes to the Nielsen App SDK via a JSON string. The appid is obtained from Nielsen operational support and is unique to the app.


The integration of Nielsen App SDK will depend on type of client app.
*Ensure that SDK files (AppSdk.jar and libAppSdk.so [App SDK 1.2 Only]) are included under the App’s project and the App SDK is linked to the App (the setting to link App SDK to the App can be found on property page of the App’s project).

== APP SDK Error & Event Codes ==
To view the Error and Event codes for Android, please review the [[APP SDK Event Codes|App SDK Event Code]] Reference page.

== Configure Metadata ==
=== Handling JSON Metadata ===
All the SDK methods handles only two types of objects: NSString, NSDictionary. The parameters passed must be either a JSON formatted string or a NSDictionary object. The JSON passed in the SDK must be well-formed.
* NSDictionary object
** If an object of unexpected type is passed to the method, the error message will be logged.
** If string has invalid JSON format, the error message will be logged.
* JSON value must be string value.
** This includes boolean and numeric values. For example, a value of true should be represented with "true", number value 123 should be "123".
** All the Nielsen Key names (e.g. appid, program) are case-sensitive. Use the correct variable name as specified in the documentation.
* JSON string can be prepared using either raw NSString or serialized NSDictionary.

==== Java ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
JSONObject channelInfo = new JSONObject()
    .put("channelname","My Channel Name 1")

JSONObject contentMetadata = new JSONObject()
//SDK Audio content Metadata
    .put("type", "content")
    .put("isAudio", "true")
    .put("assetid", "vid345-67483")
    .put("program", "Program Name")
    .put("title", "Program S3, EP1")
    .put("length", "3600")
    .put("isfullepisode", "y")
    .put("adloadtype", "2")
    .put("airdate", "20161013 20:00:00")

</syntaxhighlight>

=== Configure metadata === 
channelName should remain constant throughout the completion of an episode or live stream.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Key !! Description !!	Values	 !! Required
|-
| channelName	|| Any string representing the channel/stream
|| custom	|| Yes
|-
|}

=== Create Metadata Objects ===
There are two types of asset metadata:
*content: identify audio /video
*ad: identify each ad

The metadata received for each asset is used for classification and reporting.

Metadata can be passed through key-values using the Nielsen reserved keys. User will need to set up content and ad objects with the required Nielsen keys as shown in the sample code below.

==== Audio Content Metadata ====
Content metadata should remain constant throughout the entirety of an episode/clip including when ads play.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Keys	!! Description	!! Values	!! Required
|-
| type 	|| type of asset || <code>'content'</code> || Yes
|-
| isAudio || indicate measurement of audio ads or audio content || <code>'true'</code> || Yes
|-
| assetid || unique ID assigned to asset (32 Character limit) || custom (no [[Special Characters|Special Characters]]) || Yes
|-
| program || name of program (100 character limit) || custom || Yes
|-
| title || name of program (100 character limit) || custom || Yes
|-
| length || length of content in seconds || Length of content in seconds (86400 seconds for live stream (24/7). For Event-Live streams planned length. For AOD video length)|| Yes
|-
| airdate || The airdate in the linear over-the-air broadcast. Original (local) air date and time (hh:mm:ss as 24h time stamp); if not known set it to eg. "19700101 00:00:00" || YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS
(if not known set it to eg. "19700101 00:00:00") 
|| Yes
|-
| isfullepisode || full episode flag || <code>'y'</code>- full episode, <code>'n'</code>- non full episode || Yes
|-
| adloadtype || type of ad load:
*<code>'1'</code> Linear – matches TV ad load
*<code>'2'</code> Dynamic – Dynamic Ad Insertion (DAI)
|| <code>'2'</code> - DCR measures content with dynamic ads 
|| Yes

|}

===== Example Audio Content Object =====
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
JSONObject contentMetadata = new JSONObject()
//SDK Audio content Metadata
    .put("type", "content")
    .put("isAudio", "true")
    .put("assetid", "vid345-67483")
    .put("program", "Program Name")
    .put("title", "Program S3, EP1")
    .put("length", "3600")
    .put("isfullepisode", "y")
    .put("adloadtype", "2")
    .put("airdate", "20161013 20:00:00")

</syntaxhighlight>

==== Video Content Metadata ====
Content metadata should remain constant throughout the entirety of an episode/clip including when ads play.

'''Don't pass audio key "isAudio" into the loadmetadata call.'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Keys	!! Description	!! Values	!! Required
|-
| type 	|| type of asset || <code>'content'</code> || Yes
|-
| assetid || unique ID assigned to asset (32 Character limit) || custom (no [[Special Characters|Special Characters]]) || Yes
|-
| program || name of program (100 character limit) || custom || Yes
|-
| title || name of program (100 character limit) || custom || Yes
|-
| length || length of content in seconds || Length of content in seconds (86400 seconds for live stream (24/7). For Event-Live streams planned length. For AOD video length)|| Yes
|-
| airdate || The airdate in the linear over-the-air broadcast. Original (local) air date and time (hh:mm:ss as 24h time stamp); if not known set it to eg. "19700101 00:00:00" || YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS
(if not known set it to eg. "19700101 00:00:00") 
|| Yes
|-
| isfullepisode || full episode flag || <code>'y'</code>- full episode, <code>'n'</code>- non full episode || Yes
|-
| adloadtype || type of ad load:
*<code>'1'</code> Linear – matches TV ad load
*<code>'2'</code> Dynamic – Dynamic Ad Insertion (DAI)
|| <code>'2'</code> - DCR measures content with dynamic ads 
|| Yes

|}

===== Example Video Content Object =====
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
JSONObject contentMetadata = new JSONObject()
//SDK Video content Metadata
    .put("type", "content")
    .put("assetid", "vid345-67483")
    .put("program", "Program Name")
    .put("title", "Program S3, EP1")
    .put("length", "3600")
    .put("isfullepisode", "y")
    .put("adloadtype", "2")
    .put("airdate", "20161013 20:00:00")

</syntaxhighlight>

=== Ad Metadata ===
The Ad Metadata (if applicable) should be passed for each individual ad.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Keys	!! Description	!! Values	!! Required
|-
| type 	|| type of Ad	||  <code>'preroll'</code>,  <code>'midroll'</code>,  <code>'postroll'</code> || Yes
|-
| assetid ||	unique ID assigned to Ad	|| custom (no [[Special Characters|Special Characters]]) || Yes
|}

=== Example Ad Object ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
// create Ad object
"ad": {
  "type": "preroll",
  "assetid": "AD-ID123"
}
</syntaxhighlight>

== Configure API Calls ==
<!--[[File:appsdkTimeline-DCR.png|icon|link=]]-->
=== Sample API Sequence ===
A Sample API sequence could follow this flow:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Type !! Sample code !! Description
|-
|On App Start||<code>[nielsenMeter loadMetadata: contentMetadata]; </code> || // Pass Static Metadata here if applicable
|-
| rowspan="2" | Start of stream || <code>[nielsenMeter play];</code> || // Call at start of each new stream
|-
| <code>[nielsenMeter loadMetadata: contentMetadataObject];</code> || // MetadataObject contains the JSON metadata<br> for the content being played
|-
| Content || <code>[nielsenMeter setplayheadPosition: position];</code> || // playheadPosition is position of the playhead <br>while the content is being played
|-
| End of Stream || <code>[nielsenMeter end];</code> || // Content playback is completed.
|}

=== SDK Events ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Event !!	Parameter	!! Description
|-
| 'play'	|| 	|| Call at start of each new stream
|-
| 'loadMetadata'	|| content/ad metadata object	|| Needs to be called at the beginning of each asset
|-
| 'playheadPosition'	|| playhead position as integer<br/>
AOD: current position in seconds <br/>
Live: current UNIX timestamp (seconds since Jan-1-1970 UTC) <br/>
Note: 'PlayheadPosition' has to be called every second
||
Pass playhead position every second during playback
|-
| 'stop' ||	playhead position	|| Call during any interruption to content or Ad playback and at the end of each Ad.
|-
| 'end'	|| playhead position in seconds	|| Call when the current audio asset completes playback and pass the playhead position. <br/>
Example: At the end of the content stream, if the user switches to another piece of content, when the media player is reloaded or closed.
|}
<blockquote>Note: For livestream, send the UNIX timestamp, for AOD send the time in seconds as integer. The final playhead position must be sent for the current asset being played before calling <code>'''stop'''</code>, <code>'''end'''</code> or<code> '''loadmetadata'''</code>,.</blockquote>

=== Life cycle of SDK instance ===
Life cycle of SDK instance includes four general states:
# '''Initial state''' – The SDK is not initialized and hence, not ready to process playing information. Once the SDK is moved out of this state, it needs instantiation of the new SDK instance in order to get the instance in the '''Idle state'''.
# '''Idle state''' – The SDK is initialized and is ready to process playing information. Once Initialized, the SDK instance is not processing any data, but is listening for an event to occur.
# '''Processing state''' – The SDK instance is processing playing information. The <code>'''play'''</code> and <code>'''loadMetadata''' </code> calls move the SDK instance into this state. In this state, the SDK instance will be able to process the following calls.
## <code>'''playheadPosition'''</code> – Call this API every one second when playhead position is active.  If a LIVE event, use the current UNIX timestamp (seconds since Jan-1-1970 UTC).
## <code>'''stop'''</code> – Call this API when the content or Ad playback is interrupted and at the end of each Ad. 
## <code>'''end'''</code> – Call when content completes. When called, the SDK instance exits from Processing state.
# '''Disabled state''' – The SDK instance is disabled and is not processing playing information. 
## <code>'''appDisableApi'''</code> is set to <code>true</code>

<blockquote>'''Note:''' For API Version 5.1 and above, App SDK will fire data pings and continue measurement even after the user has opted out from Nielsen measurement on a device. The data ping will be marked as opted-out ping.

'''Note''': In case of any interruptions during playback due to alarm, calendar, call, flight mode, Wi-Fi toggle, channel change, etc., call [[stop]] to stop the measurement.
* As soon as the playback resumes, call <code>'''loadMetadata''' </code> and   <code>'''playheadPosition'''</code> </blockquote>

=== API Call Sequence ===
==== Use Case 1: Content has no Advertisements ====
Call [[play()]] at start of stream

Call [[loadMetadata()]] with JSON metadata for content as below.
<syntaxhighlight lang="json">{
  "type": "content",
  "isAudio": "true",
  "assetid": "88675545",
  "title": "Program S3, EP1",
  "isfullepisode":"y",
  "adloadtype":"2",
  "program":"Program Name",
  "length":"3600", 
  "airdate":"20171020 10:05:00"   
}</syntaxhighlight>
Call [[playheadPosition|playheadPosition()]] every one second until a pause / stop.
Use the sample API sequence below as a reference to identify the specific events that need to be called during content playback without ads.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Type !! Sample code !! Description
|-
| rowspan="2" | Start of stream || <code>mAppSdk.play(); </code> || // Call at start of each new stream
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.loadMetadata(contentMetaDataObject);</code> || // contentMetadataObject contains the JSON metadata for the content being played
|-
| Content || <code>mAppSdk.setPlayheadPosition(playheadPosition);</code> || // position is position of the playhead while the content is being played
|-
| Interruption || <code>mAppSdk.stop();</code> || // call stop when content playback is interrupted
|-
| rowspan="2" | Resume Content || <code>mAppSdk.loadMetadata(contentMetaDataObject);</code>  || // Call loadMetadata and pass content metadata object when content resumes
|- 
|<code>mAppSdk.setPlayheadPosition(playheadPosition);</code> || // continue pasing playhead position every second starting from position where content is resumed
|- 
| End of Stream || <code>mAppSdk.end();</code> || // Content playback is completed.
|}

==== Use Case 2: Content has Advertisements ====

Call [[play()]] at start of stream

Call [[loadMetadata()]] with JSON metadata for ad as below.
<syntaxhighlight lang="json">{
   "type": "preroll",
   "assetid": "ad123"
}</syntaxhighlight>
<blockquote>Note: In case the individual ad details are not available, send ad pod (presence) details through the [[loadMetadata]] and playhead position through [[playheadPosition]].</blockquote>

Call [[playheadPosition|playheadPosition()]] every one second until a pause / stop / another [[loadMetadata()]] is called. Playhead should be passed for the entire duration of ad pod, if the ad pod details are passed as part of [[loadMetadata()]].

The sample API sequence can be used as a reference to identify the specific events that need to be called during content and ad playback.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Type !! Sample code !! Description
|-
| rowspan="2" | Start of stream || <code>mAppSdk.play(); </code> || // stream starts
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.loadMetadata(contentMetaDataObject);</code> || // contentMetadataObject contains the JSON metadata for the content being played
|-
| rowspan="3" | Preroll || <code>mAppSdk.loadMetadata(prerollMetadataObject);</code> || // prerollMetadataObject contains the JSON metadata for the preroll ad
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.playheadPosition(playheadPosition);</code> || // position is position of the playhead while the preroll ad is being played
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.stop();</code> || // Call stop after preroll occurs
|-
| rowspan="2" | Content || <code>mAppSdk.loadMetadata(contentMetaDataObject);</code> || // contentMetadataObject contains the JSON metadata for the content being played
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.playheadPosition(playheadPosition);</code> || // position is position of the playhead while the content is being played
|-
| rowspan="3" | Midroll || <code>mAppSdk.loadMetadata(midrollMetaDataObject);</code> || // midrollMetadataObject contains the JSON metadata for the midroll ad
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.playheadPosition(playheadPosition);</code> || // position is position of the playhead while the midroll ad is being played
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.stop();</code> || // Call stop after midroll occurs
|-
| rowspan="2" | Content Resumes || <code>mAppSdk.loadMetadata(contentMetaDataObject);</code> || // contentMetadataObject contains the JSON metadata for the content being played
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.playheadPosition(playheadPosition);</code> || // position is position of the playhead while the content is being played
|-
| End of Stream || <code>mAppSdk.end();</code> || // Call end() at the end of content
|-
| rowspan="3" | Postroll || <code>mAppSdk.loadMetadata(postrollMetaDataObject);</code> || // postrollMetadataObject contains the JSON metadata for the postroll ad
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.playheadPosition(playheadPosition);</code> || // position is position of the playhead while the postroll ad is being played
|-
| <code>mAppSdk.stop();</code> || // Call stop after postroll occurs
|}

<blockquote>Note: Each Ad playhead should begin from 0 at ad start.  When content has resumed following an ad break, playhead position must continue from where previous content segment was left off.</blockquote>

== Sequence of Calls ==
=== play ===
Call <code>play</code> at the start of each new stream. If changing audio or listening to a new audio, call <code>play()</code> each time. 
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">public void play(JSONObject channelInfo);</syntaxhighlight>

=== loadMetadata ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">public void loadMetadata(JSONObject contentMetadata);</syntaxhighlight>

=== playheadPosition ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">public void setPlayheadPosition(long position);</syntaxhighlight>
=== stop ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">public void stop()</syntaxhighlight>
=== end ===
When content stop is initiated and content cannot be resumed from the same position (it can only be restarted from the beginning of stream).
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">public void end()</syntaxhighlight>

== Handling Foreground and Background states ==
There are a few approaches to managing the Foreground and Background states of an app available to use for state measurement.

*Utilizing the Androidx LifeCycleObserver (The recommended approach starting sdk version 7.1.0.0+)
*Utilizing the SdkBgFgDetectionUtility class
*Adding a tag to the Manifest XML
*Manual Management
=== The LifeCycleObserver ===
AndroidX replaces the original support library APIs with packages in the androidx namespace, and Android Studio 3.2 and higher provides an automated migration tool. (Select '''Refactor> Migrate to AndroidX''' from the menu bar.)

Starting with version 7.1.0, with AndroidX support, an additional utility is provided in the AppSDK - application background/foreground state detection by the AppSdk leveraging the Android Architecture component "LifeCycleObserver".

The AppSdk is now capable of detecting the application UI visibility state transitions between background and foreground, without forcing the applications to register for AppSdk's AppSdkApplication class, which is responsible for handling the detection of application background/foreground state transitions at present.

<blockquote>Please note, that if you already have an app designed that utilizes the depreciated SdkBgFgDetectionUtility Class, the AppSDK will ignore any calls to these methods if it can utilize the LifeCycleObserver. LifeCycleObserver based auto detection will take precedence.</blockquote>

==== Adding the AndroidX dependency ====
In order to make use of the app background/foreground state transition auto detection feature of AndroidX AppSdk, the app gradle file needs the androidx dependency. The AppSdk API calls - <code>appInForeground()</code> and <code>appInBackground()</code> will still be respected by AppSdk by executing the old AppSdk flow of handling "app in foreground" and "app in background" states as is.

==== Using the LifeCycle Extension ====
The following androidx dependency is required in the app gradle file:

<syntaxhighlight lang="java">implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.1.0"</syntaxhighlight>

<blockquote>If you would like to take advantage of this auto detection feature of AppSdk at the very initial stage (e.g. splash screen or at of app launch time), before the AppSdk is initialized, can do so by calling the following newly introduced AppSdk public api, passing the application context :

<syntaxhighlight lang="java">public static void registerLifeCycleObserver(Context applicationContext)</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>

==== Log messages for the new auto detection ====

*When the AppSdk app successfully registers for the LifeCycleObserver : <code>Registered LifeCycleObserver for App Background/Foreground auto-detection</code>
*When the app enters the foreground state :<code>App is in foreground, auto detected by AppSDK</code>
*When the app enters the background state :<code>App is in background, auto detected by AppSDK</code>
*If the client app doesn't have the "androidx" gradle dependency and AppSdk fails to register LifeCycleObserver :<code>AndroidX LifecycleObserver can not be observed. Please use androidx dependency to activate SDK auto-detection of app background/foreground state.</code>
*When the appInForeground() is explicitly called while LifeCycleObserver auto detection is active :<code>Ignoring the appInBackground() call, as the App Background/Foreground auto-detection is active. The current state is - foreground</code>
*When the appInBackground() is explicitly called while LifeCycleObserver auto detection is active :<code>Ignoring the appInBackground() call, as the App Background/Foreground auto-detection is active. The current state is - background</code>

=== The SdkBgFgDetectionUtility class ===
Foreground/Background state measurement is a requirement of Nielsen AppSDK implementation which is especially crucial for static measurement. It may be implemented in multiple ways for Android. This includes

*Enable the Nielsen SDK to measure background/foreground state by makingthe relevant update to the AndroidManifest.
*Integrate Nielsen’s SdkBgFgDetectionUtility class within your Custom Application Class.
*Custom implementation of the required methods within your application.

==== ForeGround/Background Measurement via AndroidManifest ====
The simplest way to measure the app background/foreground state is to add the following application tag to the Manifest XML. Integrating this into the Manifest XML will enable the SDK to measure app state directly. This approach is supported for Android 4.0 and up only; it requires that the application class is not in use for some other purpose.

<syntaxhighlight lang="java"> <application android:name="com.nielsen.app.sdk.AppSdkApplication"> </syntaxhighlight>

==== Using the Android SdkBgFbDetectionUtility Class ====
For developers who are already using the application class, it is recommended that background/foreground state is implemented using the [[Android Background Foreground|SdkBgFgDetectionUtility class.]] The [[Android Background Foreground|SdkBgFgDetectionUtility class.]] is compatible with Android 4+ and has been made available to Nielsen clients. (You will need to copy/paste the code provided into a file).

==== Manual Background/ForeGround State Management ====
In cases where the developer is not able to use the AndroidManifest.xml solution nor the Nielsen provided [[Android Background Foreground|SdkBgFgDetectionUtility class.]] the developer will need to manually identify the change of state through the application and call the respective API (appInForeground() or appInBackground()) to inform the SDK regarding the change of state from background to foreground or foreground to background.

The SDK is informed about app state using the below methods.

<syntaxhighlight lang="java">AppLaunchMeasurementManager.appInForeground(getApplicationContext());</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">AppLaunchMeasurementManager.appInBackground(getApplicationContext());</syntaxhighlight>
Within the lifecycle of individual activities, onResume() and onPause() are best suited to providing indication of the app state.


Correct measurement of the foreground/background state is crucial to Static App measurement within Nielsen Digital Content Ratings (DCR).

== Interruptions during playback ==
As part of integrating Nielsen App SDK with the player application, the Audio / Video app developer needs to handle the following possible interruption scenarios:
* Pause / Play
* Network Loss (Wi-Fi / Airplane / Cellular)
* Call Interrupt (SIM or Third party Skype / Hangout call)
* Alarm Interrupt
* Content Buffering
* Device Lock / Unlock 
* App going in the Background/Foreground 
* Channel / Station Change Scenario
* Unplugging of headphone
In case of encountering one of the above interruptions, the player application needs to
* Call [[stop]] immediately (except when content is buffering) and withhold sending playhead position.
* Start sending API calls – <code>'loadMetadata'</code> and <code>'playheadPosition'</code> for the new viewing session, once the playback resumes.
Please see the [https://engineeringportal.nielsen.com/docs/Digital_Measurement_Interruption_Scenarios Interruption Scenarios Page] for more details

== Privacy and Opt-Out ==
There are two primary methods for implementing user Opt-out preferences:
# '''[[#OS-level_Opt-out|OS-level Opt-out]]''' - managed by ''Opt out of Ads Personalization'' setting on device ('''preferred approach''').
# '''[[#User Choice|User Choice]]''' - Direct call to SDK. Can be used without Google Play Services.

=== Special Note Regarding Apps in the '''Kids Category''' ===
If you are building an app that will be listed in the Kids Category:
#  Ensure that you are using the NoID version of the Nielsen SDK Framework.
#  Immediately following the initialization of the Nielsen SDK ensure you call the userOptOut API with Opt out selection: 
<syntaxhighlight lang=java>appSdk.userOptOut("nielsenappsdk://1");  // User opt-out</syntaxhighlight>

=== OS-level Opt-out ===
''OS-level Opt-out'' method available on Nielsen Android.

The Nielsen SDK automatically leverages the Android's ''Opt out of Ads Personalization'' setting. The user is opted out of demographic measurement if the OS-level ''"Opt out of Ads Personalization"'' setting is ''enabled''. As a publisher, you cannot override this setting.

==== Get the latest Nielsen opt-out URL ====

*Get the current Nielsen opt-out URL via [[userOptOutURLString()|userOptOutURLString()]]
*Display a WebView element whose loadUrl is set to the value obtained from [[userOptOutURLString()|userOptOutURLString()]]

==== Webview Example  ====
The below code is an AndroidX example of displaying the Nielsen Privacy page to the user.
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
public class OptOutActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements IAppNotifier {

    WebView webView;
    AppSdk appSdk;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_optout);
        webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webView);

        webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);

        webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
            @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
            @Override
            public void onReceivedError(WebView view, int errorCode, String description, String failingUrl) {
                Toast.makeText(OptOutActivity.this, description, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
            @TargetApi(android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
            @Override
            public void onReceivedError(WebView view, WebResourceRequest req, WebResourceError rerr) {
                // Redirect to deprecated method, so you can use it in all SDK versions
                onReceivedError(view, rerr.getErrorCode(), rerr.getDescription().toString(), req.getUrl().toString());
            }
        });

        NielsenInit nielsenInit = new NielsenInit();       // Initializing the NielsenSDK
        appSdk = nielsenInit.initAppSdk(getApplicationContext(), this);    //Create Instance
        String url = appSdk.userOptOutURLString();   // Request Optout URL from NielsenSDK
        webView.loadUrl(url);                         //Display to the user in a Webview
    }
</syntaxhighlight>
<br>

=== User Choice ===
The ''User Choice'' method is only necessary when the host application does not leverage Google Play Services.

Nielsen Android SDK 5.1.1.18 and above will check for ''OS-level opt-out'' first, if available. The user will be opted out if indicated at the OS-level '''OR''' the App-level.
<br>
==== The legacy opt-out method works as follows: ====
* Get the current Nielsen opt-out URL via [[userOptOutURLString()]]
* Display a WebView element whose loadUrl is set to the value obtained from [[userOptOutURLString()]]
* Detect if the WebView URL changes to a special URL that indicates Opt-in, or Opt-out and close the WebView
** Opt-out if the WebView URL = <code>nielsenappsdk://1</code>
** Opt-in if the WebView URL = <code>nielsenappsdk://0</code>
* Pass the detected URL to the [[userOptOut()]] function
** Example: <syntaxhighlight lang=java>appSdk.userOptOut("nielsenappsdk://1");  // User opt-out</syntaxhighlight>

==== Legacy Opt Out example code ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
private class MonitorWebView extends WebViewClient
{
  private static final String NIELSEN_URL_OPT_OUT = "nielsenappsdk://1";
  private static final String NIELSEN_URL_OPT_IN = "nielsenappsdk://0";
 
  @Override
  public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url)
  {
    if (NIELSEN_URL_OPT_OUT.equals(url)
      || NIELSEN_URL_OPT_IN.equals(url))
    {
      // Get AppSdk instance from the host
      AppSdk appSdk = HostApp.getAppSdk();
      // Send the URL to the AppSdk instance
      appSdk.userOptOut(url);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
}
</syntaxhighlight>

=== Retrieve current Opt-Out preference ===
Whether the user is opted out viaOS-level Opt-out or via App-level Opt-out, the current Opt-Out status as detected by the SDK is available via the [[getOptOutStatus()]] property in the Nielsen Android SDK API,


==== Required Privacy Links ====
Users must either have access to the "About Nielsen Measurement" page, or have similar text available within the native app. Include "About Nielsen Measurement" and "Your Choices" link in the Privacy Policy / EULA or as a button near the link to the app's Privacy Policy.

In addition, the following text must be included in your app store description.

Si prega di notare che questa app include il software di misurazione proprietario di Nielsen che contribuisce alla ricerca di mercato. Per ulteriori informazioni, si prega di consultare il seguente link [https://global.nielsen.com/legal/privacy-principles/digital-measurement-privacy-statement/?lang=it https://global.nielsen.com/legal/privacy-principles/digital-measurement-privacy-statement/?lang=it]

== Going Live ==
Following Nielsen testing, you will need to:

# '''Disable Debug Logging''': Disable logging by deleting <code>{nol_devDebug: 'DEBUG'}</code> from initialization call.
# '''Notify Nielsen''': Once you are ready to go live, let us know so we can enable you for reporting. We will not be able to collect or report data prior to receiving notification from you.

== Sample Applications ==

*You can find some examples in the file [[Special:Downloads|Global Android SDK Download]] from the '''SDK Downloads''' section